The Use Of Timber Introduction

The timber posses the structure and features of light weight ,strong hardness ,free corrosivity and smoothy touch.Combined with its nature feature and grained structure, therefore ,it becomes only one recycled resouce in the world, very suitable for funiture material .
The good feature of furniture material should includes strong compressive resistance,anti-bending resistance and the other strong resistance,meanwhile reasonable ductility and straight texture is necessary.Besides the above condition ,the advanced furniture should also be provided with the condition including uniform structure,colory texture , smooth section, good glue and painting.The details about wood species , as follows,

1. White Birch

1. Place of origin：The Northeast of China,Northwest of China,Southwest of China,North China ,Middlesouth of China and Russia.
2. Distinguish points: Smooth skin appears Pind white with powdered white. Old white birch trees often turns into incanus , the first outer cortex shows membrane, can be single-or multi-layer stripped , the cortex shows incarnadine after stripping the outer cortex.
3. Features of white birch: Birch timber is fine-grained and pale in colour, often with an attractive satin-like sheen. Generally straight-grained, the wood has a fine uniform texture,but its wood quality and hardness is secondary ( Fiber density: 0.57g/cm³)
4. Use of white birch: Characterized by a plain and often curly or wavy pattern, the wood works fairly easily, glues well, and takes stain extremely well. It’s suitable for high-grade or mid-grade furniture material finished by transparent or half-transparent painting.

2. Ribbed Birch(Betula costata)

1. Place of Origin:North-east of China and Russia.
2. Distinguish Points:the outer skin appears yellow-white color with silver light.its multilayer reflexed flake like papery lobes . Endodermis in red meat color, often with a single layer reflexed crack.
3. Features of Betula costata:its feature is similar with white birch ,but a little heavier and harder (density : 0.65g/cm³) than white birch,sometimes with rufous core material.
4. Use of Betula costata:easy to process,the same grain to the white birch.Betula costata wood is suitable for high-grade or mid-grade furniture finished by transparent or half-transparent painting.

3. Chinese Oak

1. Place of Origin:Noth-east of China ,North of China and Shangdong Province.
2. Distinguish Points: its grain is either oblique or direct,its structure is rough with clear annual ring which seems like wavy look. Chinese oak’s outer skin is thick ,dark brown and deep slit . Inner skin looks light brown ,its corematerial is from brown to dark brown,sometimes with slightly and shiny yellow.
3. Features of Chinese Oak :the strong density of 0.766g/cm³,bad drying performance , good waterproof,more difficult preservative treatment.Its wood is reflexed and crazed easily,difficult to process .Its planing section is so smooth that it has good abrasive resistance,meanwhile its structure is very hard with large nail holding power.when this wood is painted ,it has good performance of painting but not easy to glue.
4. Use of Chinese Oak:the wood is very hard with good economic value,usually suited for the advanced home funiture ,wood floor board or the other furniture material.

4. Walnut

1. Place of Origin: Southeast of Europe, East of Asia, the temperate zone and subtropical zone of North America. The walnut originated from USA is the most famous one.
2. Distinguish Points: the core materials color is sandy beige or chestnut. Black walnut can be black brown  with little purple and deep or light color, it’s going to be chocolate color with distinct growth rings and half diffusing hole.
3. Features of walnut : the structure is rough, the color is nice with density of 053-0.69g/cm³. The weight and strength of timber is medium, but it has high shock resistance and stable dimension, good workability, glue stick and painting features.
4. Use of walnut: Timber is famous interior decoration material due to the nice grain, features and good workability. The black walnut is especially nice for high-end furniture or cutting into to slice pieces.

5. Cherry: Rosaceae cherry genera, 200 species in this genera

1. Place of origin: Distributed in North America, Europe and Asia temperate and tropical regions, among them, European sweet cherries and black cherries, the most popular in the market.
2. Distinguish points: The core material is light kermes brown to slightly deep dark brown. Growth rings are evident with deep color belt between the rings. The wood rays are meticulous and medium with marrow spots, can be visible by naked eyes.
3. Features of cherry: Fine structure and straight grain, density of 0.62g/cm³, medium hardness and strength, good processing performance with nice surface, painting performance, dyeing, glue stick and polishing performance are good as well.
4. Use of cherry: The texture and color is European classical furniture's excellent material, suitable for high-grade fine wood products, enchase handicraft and so on.

6. Oak

1. Place of origin: fagaceae, more than 350 species. It’s mainly distributed in Americas, Europe and the temperate and tropical regions of Asia. The timber performance differ much from different place. The American oak has better performance but higher price. Actually, the American oak is various with different performance and prices. There are total two kinds of American oak, it’s red oak and white oak. The representative species are North American red oak and America white oak.
2. Distinguish Points: The sapwood is grey-white, the core material of red oak is yellow-brown to auburn and beige to light kermes brown of white oak. The growth rings are evident. The main different between red oak and white oak is the white oak core material pipe is thylose, while it’s few in the red oak.
3. Features of oak: Coarse-texture and straight grain. The density of red oak is 0.61-0.69g/ cm³ and that of white oak is 0.63-0.77g/ cm³.  The density of white oak is generally higher. This timber have slightly hard weight, high strength, processing of excellent performance, adhesive paint performance is good, unmatched grip is strong.
4. Use of oak: The oak has nice grain and symmetrical color, is the main wood species for interior decoration, floor, high-grade solid wood furniture in Europe and American. The white oak is also suitable for the material for wine making fat due to the thylose.